مجله‌ي بین المللی غدد درون‌ريز و متابوليسمInt J Endocrinol MetabMedical Scienceshttp://www.ijem.org1726-913Xen

Relationship Between Vitamin D and Nutritional Status in Healthy Reproductive Age Women <i>Ostad Rahimi A^a, Zarghami N^b, Sadighi A^c</i><i>Ostad Rahimi A^a Zarghami N<sup>b</sup> Sadighi A<sup>c</sup></i><sup>a</sup>Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Health &amp; Nutrition Faculty; <sup>b</sup>Department of Clinical Biochemistry and RIA, Drug Applied Research Center; <sup>c</sup>Department of Original ArticleRecently a variety of studies reported high prevalence of vitaminD deficiency in adult individuals in different countries and several previously published studies have linked obesity to a poorer vitamin D status, in which serum 25- OHD levels are inversely correlated with body fat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with nutritional status among women of reproductive age in the city of Tabriz. Material and Methods: This was a cross-section study conducted on 252 reproductive, 15-49 year- old women of the city of Tabriz, randomly selected from among the general population. From each subject 5 mL vein blood was obtained and serum levels of calcium, phosphor, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D were measured Lev- els of <5 ng /mL were considered as severe deficiency, 5- 9.90 ng/ mL as moderate, and 10- 20 ng / mL as mild. A demographic questionnaire was completed; weight and height were measured us- ing seca scale and cotton ruler. Body mass index was calculated based on weight and height. Vi- tamin D was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: The results indicated that vitamin D deficiency in women was as follows: severe vita- min D deficiency 15.1%, moderate deficiency 15.5%, and mild deficiency 33.7%. Of these women 3.7% were underweight and 59.8% had different stage of obesity. Only 37.5% had BMI within normal range. There was a significant correlation between serum levels of vitamin D and weight and age (r = 0.16, p= 0.01 and r = 0.19, p= 0.003). There was no significant association between BMI and serum vitamin D level. Conclusion: Based on this study, it is speculated that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the women of Tabriz. No relationship was found between vitamin D and nutritional status. Therefore, interventions such as education and sun exposure are recommended for the health promotion of these women.Vitamin D deficiency, Reproductive age women, BMI, Relationship Between Vitamin D and Nutritional Status in Healthy Reproductive Age Women : Zarghami, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and RIA, Drug Applied Research Cen- ter, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4/1/2006 12:00:00 AM5/3/2006 12:00:00 AMnzarghami@hotmail.com117http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Diabetic Clinic of Ardabil-Iran Iranparvar Alamdari M, Aminisani N, Bashardoost B, Shamshirgaran SM, Khodamoradzadeh M, Shokrabadi M, Olomi B Iranparvar Alamdari M Aminisani N Bashardoost B Shamshirgaran SM Khodamoradzadeh M Shokrabadi M Olomi B <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="MicroOriginal ArticleThis study was carried out to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes and their relationship with risk factors. Materials & Methods: The study was performed at the outpatient diabetes clinic of Ardabil. We selected patients who had no evidence of proteinuria in urinalysis and without abnormal serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The patients were directed to provide timed 24 hour urine samples for assessment of urinary albumin twice in a period of 2-3 months. In the course of processing case histories the factors considered were duration of diabetes, hypertension history, smoking habits and number of visits during the previous year. Laboratory investigations included FBS, HbA1c, Tg, Cholesterol (Total, HDL, LDL), BUN and creatinine. Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria (AER 31-299 mg/24 hr) was 30.5%. Significant differences were found with regard to duration of diabetes (p<0.01), hypertension (p<0.0001) and smoking habits (p<0.05) and the mean value of fasting plasma glucose (171±71 v.s 138±48, p=0.01) and triglyceride, (247±142 v.s 201±105, p=0.05). HbA1c levels (7.3±1.3 v.s 6.5±1.3, p=0.01) were significantly high in patients with microal- buminuria as compared to patients with nor- moalbuminuria, serum cholesterol; HDL and LDL showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria was a major problem in our patients. Hypertension, smoking, poor glycemic control, duration of diabetes and serum levels of triglyceride were risk factors for development of microalbuminuria. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Microalbuminuria, Risk Factor Prevalence and Risk Factors of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Diabetic Clinic of Ardabil-Iran Manoochehr Iranparvar Alamdari, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences And Health Services, Ardabil, I.R. Iran. 4/29/2006 12:00:00 AM6/1/2006 12:00:00 AMM.Iranparvar@arums.ac.ir1812http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Sarcoidosis and Autoimmunity: Evidence of Differential Associations with HLA Class II Markers Papadopoulos K I^a, Wassmuth R^b, Sponsel T^b, Sjöberg K^c, Hallengren B^aPapadopoulos K I^a Wassmuth R<sup>b</sup> Sponsel T<sup>b</sup> Sjöberg K<sup>c</sup> Hallengren B<sup>a</sup><sup><font color="#000000">a</font></sup><font color="#000000"> Department of </font>Endocrinology,<sup> c</sup>Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Lund, MOriginal ArticleAhigh frequency of endocrine autoim munity and gastrointestinal immune reactivity has been reported in sarcoidosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the immunogenetic background of sarcoidosis focusing on the associated autoim- mune manifestations. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 (38 males, 28 females) and /65 (37 males, 28 females) Cauca- sian patients with documented sarcoidosis diag- nosed at the Department of Pulmonary Medi- cine, Malmö University Hospital were genomi- cally typed for DRB1/DQB1. Results: The frequencies of HLA-DRB1*02 (p=0.004), DRB1*14 (p=0.022), DQB1*0602 (p=0.027), DQB1*0503 (p=0.022), were signifi- cantly increased in the whole group of patients with sarcoidosis as well as in sarcoidosis associ- ated with autoimmune manifestations compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Significant associations of HLA- DRB1*02 and *14 and DQB1*0602 and *0503 with sarcoidosis were found, particularly apparent in the subgroup with associated autoimmune mani- festations. Different immunogenetic profiles may thus exist in sarcoidosis indicative and/or causative of distinct clinical subgroups. HLA class II presentation of a putative sarcoidosis- specific antigen might be of vital importance in sarcoidosis, deciding the direction of the sarcoid disease and eventual associations with it. Whether the above mentioned HLA class II hap- lotypes and/or their linked genes, alone or in unison with HLA class I, are organ- or disease- specific remains to be determined. Autoimmunity, HLA, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndromes, Sarcoidosis, Thyroid Sarcoidosis and Autoimmunity: Evidence of Differential Associations with HLA Class II Markers Papadopoulos I Konstantinos De- partment of Medicine III, Institute for Clinical Im- munology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ger- many 6/5/2006 12:00:00 AM7/12/2006 12:00:00 AMkostas@thaistemlife.co.th11318http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Advanced Bone Disease as the Most Common Clinical Presentation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism In Iranians: Clinical And Laboratory Features of 62 Patients from North-Western Iran Bahrami A, Montazeri V, Barband AR, Poorzand A, Mobaseri M.Bahrami A Montazeri V Barband AR Poorzand A Mobaseri M.Departments of Internal Medicine and Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Original ArticleThe original studies of Albright and Reifenstein characterized primary hyperparathyroidism as a disease of bones and stones”. The disease at present is recognized most frequently as a totally asymptomatic condition, detection being based on the finding of hypercalcemia in the routine screening of serum calcium levels. The purpose of this cross sectional clinical case study was to analyze the clinical, biochemical, radiological, and pathological features of the disease in Irani- ans and to compare these features with those of patients from western countries. Materials and Methods: From 1985 through 2002, sixty-two patients with primary hyperparathy- roidism were studied from the north-western part of Iran. In addition to routine studies, the following evaluations were conducted; 1) meas- urements of serum calcium, phosphorous, alka- line phosphatase, creatinine and electrolytes; 2) X-rays of skull, hands, clavicles, pelvis, vertebral bones, abdomen, long bones, and dental film of lamina dura, and 3) Intravenous pyelogram and/or ultrasonography of kidneys. PTH was measured in only 29 patients because of lack of reliable laboratory methods during the earlier Correspondence: Amir Bahrami; Departments of In- ternal Medicine and Surgery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Address: P. O. Box 51335 – 1896, Tabriz, I.R.Iran E-mail: t.u.end.d@tbzmed.ac.ir years of the study. Surgery was performed in all subjects and they were followed postoperatively. Results: There were 52 females and 10 males, with a female to male ratio of 5.2:1, and an age range of 13 to 71 years with a mean age of 38/6 years. The peak incidence in both sexes was in the 4th decade. The vast majority of patients in this series presented with symptoms referable to skeletal involvement. Fifty-eight (93.5%) patients suffered from bone pains, deformities, patho- logic fractures, and localized bone tumors. Renal colic was a less frequent complaint; only in 4 pa- tients (6.4%) clinical renal disease led to the di- agnosis of hyperparathyroidism. No patient was asymptomatic. Fifty-four patients had persistent hypercalcemia. In 3 patients hypercalcemia was intermittent and 5 patients were normocalcemic. Mean serum calcium concentration was 11.2 mg/dl (range 9.3-15.6 mg/dl). A high proportion of the patients, 49 of 62, had low serum phospho- rus level. Mean serum phosphate concentration was 2.1 mg/dl (range 1.4-3.6 mg/dl). Interestingly, all 5 normocalcemic patients were hypophos- phatemic. Serum alkaline phosphatase level was elevated in 56 patients, and PTH concentration was high in all the 29 patients in whom it was measured. All patients displayed some ra- diologic changes. Subperiosteal resorption of phalanges and/or distal clavicles was the most frequent (43/62) radiologic finding. Salt and pepper appearance on skull x- rays, brown tumor 20 A. Bahrami et al. in pelvis, metacarpals, and long bones were other common radiologic features. Pathologic fractures were found in 32 patients, including vertebral collapse in 3 patients. The pathologic findings were single adenoma in 54 patients, double adenoma in 3 subjects, hyperplasia in 4 patients (2 patients with MEN –1 and one with MEN-2), and parathyroid carcinoma in 1 patient. Conclusion: This study shows that advanced bone disease is the most frequent clinical pres- entation of hyperparathyroidism in Iranians. Routine serum calcium measurement is recom- mended at least in high-risk patients, in particu- lar for females in their 4th – 5th decades of life. Hyperparathyroidism,Iranians Clinical presentation Advanced Bone Disease as the Most Common Clinical Presentation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism In Iranians: Clinical And Laboratory Features of 62 Patients from North-Western Iran Amir Bahrami; Departments of In- ternal Medicine and Surgery Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Address: P. O. Box 51335 – 1896, Tabriz, I.R.Iran 7/27/2006 12:00:00 AM8/19/2006 12:00:00 AMt.u.end.d@tbzmed.ac.ir11929http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Effects of High Cholesterol Diet and Parallel Chronic Exercise on Erythrocyte Primary Antioxidant Enzymes and Plasma total Antioxidant Capacity In Dutch Rabbits Mohammadi M^a,Alipour M^b, Alipour MR^a, Vatankhah AMaMohammadi M^aAlipour M<sup>b</sup> Alipour MR<sup>a</sup> Vatankhah AMa<sup>a</sup>Department of Physiology, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, <sup>b</sup>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Zanjan University oOriginal Article-Chronic exercise, Erythrocyte anti- oxidant enzymes, Total antioxidant capacity, Lipid peroxidation, High fat diet, Atherosclerosis Effects of High Cholesterol Diet and Parallel Chronic Exercise on Erythrocyte Primary Antioxidant Enzymes and Plasma total Antioxidant Capacity In Dutch Rabbits Mohsen Alipour, Department of Physiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 8/24/2006 12:00:00 AM9/11/2006 12:00:00 AMAlipourmohsen@Yahoo.com13040http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Results of Transsphenoidal Surgery in 35 Cases of Cushing’s Disease Shirvani M.Shirvani M.Department of Neurosurgery, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shohada Medical Center, Tehran, Iran Original Article-Cushing’s disease, Transsphenoidal surgery Results of Transsphenoidal Surgery in 35 Cases of Cushing’s Disease Manochehr Shirvani, Department of Neurosurgery, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shohada Medical Center, Tehran, Iran 9/11/2006 12:00:00 AM10/3/2006 12:00:00 AMdmshirvani@sbmu.ac.ir14146http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: The Role of Thyroid Cross Reacting Autoantigens and The Effect of Thyroid Ablation Latrofa F, Marino M, Marcocci C, Pinchera A.Latrofa F Marino M Marcocci C Pinchera A.Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyReview Article--Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: The Role of Thyroid Cross Reacting Autoantigens and The Effect of Thyroid Ablation Aldo Pinchera, Department of En- docirnology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy 9/29/2006 12:00:00 AM10/26/2006 12:00:00 AMa.pinchera@endoc.med.unipit14751http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Brogioni S^a, Dell’Unto E^a, Cosci C^a, Tomisti L^a, Bartalena L^b, Martino E^a, Bogazzi F^a.Brogioni S^a Dell’Unto E<sup>a</sup> Cosci C<sup>a</sup> Tomisti L<sup>a</sup> Bartalena L<sup>b</sup> Martino E<sup>a</sup> Bogazzi F<sup>a</sup>.<sup>a</sup>Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; <sup>b</sup>Depart- ment of Clinical Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy Review Article-: Amiodarone, Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction, Amiodarone-induced thyro- toxicosis. Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Enio Martino, Deparment of Endo- crinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Ospedale Cisanello, Via Paradisa2, Pisa, Italy 10/18/2006 12:00:00 AM11/23/2006 12:00:00 AMe.martino@endoc.med.unipi.it15262http://www.ijem.org/Default.aspx

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